Radio is the world of imagination, world of creativity, world of expressions and world of dreams.. 

Monday 10 November 2014

IMPORTANCE OF SOUND EFFECT

    
1.Establishing  sequence

2.Establish time

3.Establish mood

4.Entrance and Exit

5.Transition 

1.Establishing  sequence

Through which the location can be imagined by audience

Horn of train, announcement on airport ,market, seashore, street, wild bird/bat/ wolf, Christmas bells 

           
 2. Establish time


Through which the time can be judged e..g Late night or early morning etc

Cricket , rooster crow, chirps of birds

* Click of clock – for passing of time 

3. Establish mood

Through different sound effects we can make the audience

sad, happy, worried, terrified, angry


4. Entrance and Exit

Audience must know theenterence and exit of character

for this we use:

Opening or closing of door, foot steps, arrival and departure

of airplane   

5. Transition

These are the effects used to clarify the change in location or sequence and sometimes to create a specific location.

Fade in, fade out, cross fade or Echo

Situation:

 graduate party - Airport - city

Fade in ---------    music of graduation celebration

Cross- fade------  announcement  of airport

Cross fade ------- take off/ landing

Cross Fade ------- busy road of city

We may also use fade out

Echo/Reverberation  is transition which is used in order
to create some specific location such as a Person is in empty
hall/room or at height  






 

Sunday 6 April 2014

Radio news

Writing Style
Writing for broadcast news focuses on making the story easy to understand.

Use short sentences
Sentences must be kept short.

In a message on Kashmir Solidarity Day, Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif invited india to  resolve all outstanding disputes  including Jammu and Kashmir, through a comprehensive, sustained and result-oriented dialogue process.

On Kashmir day Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has invited India for peaceful resolutions of all disputes including Kashmir through negotiations.

Clarity
 The content of a news broadcast must be immediately clear because a viewer cannot hear the segment again to clarify.

WHERE AS

In print journalism, writers can write more complex sentences, but they maintain short paragraphs. Print journalists are often instructed to write at an 8th grade level so no matter a reader's education level, they can understand the report.


Round off the number
In broadcast it is hard to follow a story with exact number .therefore round off the large numbers for listeners
e.g
495,873
round off the number to nearly 500,000

BUT DON’T ROUND OFF
455,623 TO nearly 500,000

use:
nearly /approximately 456,000
OR
over 455,000

Do not write
Authorities spent Rs.3,90,389.50 on the system.
Write
Authorities spent about four lac rupees on the system.


Parallel structure
while listing out facts make the structure of news constant . e.g
Students of different departments of “Jinnah university for women” are going to participate In the monthly youth conference on 2nd of march 2014. In which there are 20 students from dept of English, 24 students from dept of International relations, 10 students from dept of sociology and 35 students from dept of mass communication.      

BUT DON’T WRITE

Students of different departments of “Jinnah university for women” are going to participate In the monthly youth conference on 2nd of march 2014. In which there are 20 students from dept of English, 24 students from dept of International relations, from sociology dept there are 10 students and from dept of mass communication there are 35 students  

Do not write in figure

do not write more than 3 digits in figure write in words
e.g
For 4555
four thousand five hundred and fifty five


use the name before statement   
e.g
Prime minister Nawaz Shareef said “We invite India to engage in a comprehensive sustained and result-oriented dialogue process”

DON’T WRITE

“We invite India to engage in a comprehensive sustained and result-oriented dialogue process” Prime minister Nawaz Shareef said.

Don’t use pronoun more than two times.

Avoid tongue twist

Use active voice instead passive
Lahore Shalimar Express came under a bomb attack near landhi in Karachi. Sources said that a minor girl dead  and several passengers are wounded .
Don’t write

in Landhi the bomb which was planted on the rail track damaged lahore shalimar express.




>PRACTICE READING YOUR NEWS LOUD

>IMAGINE THAT SOMEONE IS LISTENING WHILE YOU ARE WRITING AND PRETEND YOU ARE TALKING TO THAT LISTENER.




Choice of tone is influenced by

      .Type of program.

>The tone of a youth show announcer is different from that of a news reader.

>The presenter of a gender talk show will have a different tone than the host of a music program.
          Time of day.

Early morning programs require a lively, high-energy tone to get listeners going.

News programs require announcers to use a formal tone.

Talk show hosts try to come across as friendly and more casual.
   

   Voice
          The best voice for radio is natural and relaxed. The more comfortable you are with yourself and your voice, the clearer your voice will be. Voice exercises can help build confidence and promote speaking clearly.
          Since listeners can't interrupt the radio to ask what was said, radio presenters must take extra care to be clear


  Handle mistakes professionally. If you make a mistake, don't panic. If it's a big error--one that could cause confusion or misunderstanding-- apologize and correct it. Otherwise, take a breath and carry on. Don't draw attention to stumble.


Monday 27 January 2014

Types of Interview



An interview can be casually described as a conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee. Type of interviews are given below

1. The Opinion Interview
According to the topic of the programme, experts are called from various fields. These experts then give their sound opinion and advice on the concerned topic. For example, a doctor will be called to address the issue of a malaria outbreak in the city.

2. Informative Interview

The purpose of this interview is to give information about a particular thing to the people. In such interviews mostly everything is scripted unlike the opinion interview. Many a times the script is practiced and rehearsed before the programme goes on air. The interviewee can pass factual information or experiences based on a cause or purpose
.

These are some important interview tips that you must keep in mind when you are asked to conduct a radio interview:
  1. Do background research
  2. Schedule the interview with basics. For example: introduction(guest) conclusion(ending note)
  3. Maintain a notepad for key points but don’t turn the papers frequently. it will make noise
  4. Agree with the guest if required and ask for explanations when a certain point is unclear
  5. Be neutral
  6. Relax
  7. Don’t wear such accessories which can make noise. such as bangles  
  8. Introduce yourself properly
  9. Speak slowly and clearly
  10. Ask brief questions
  11. Give the interviewee sufficient time to respond(do try to relax your interviewee )
  12. Do not talk simultaneously(let your interviewee to complete his conversation)\
  13. Make sure you start each sentence clearly avoid any nervous habits like ‘ums’ and ‘ahs’.